Federalism
Commonwealth powers operate alongside state systems. Territory arrangements have a different constitutional basis. Local government operates under state or territory law. Constitution guide.
THE ATLAS / GOVERNMENT
Government is not one hierarchy.
Explore the constitutional framework, independent branches and the distinct Commonwealth, state/territory and local systems.
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Independent judicial power
Courts interpret and apply law. Their placement in the diagram does not put them beneath executive departments. Parliament’s explanation.
Law into administration
Parliament makes legislation; executive bodies administer it. Ministers are accountable to Parliament. Review rights and enforcement powers arise under particular laws.
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